From the cavity of the heart of Brahma the creator who occupies the highest position in the universe while his mind was composed through meditation O! Saunaka there arose a sound which can be distinctly perceived by all through control of the function of hearing by closing one's ears and by focusing one's mind on which (a Brahmana, sage, yogis shake off the impurities of the mind occasioned by the Adhibuta the body, Adhyatma the organs of action and Adhidaiva the senses of perception) (and) attain liberation. From that sound emanated the sacred syllable OM consisting of three parts AUM whose origin is unmanifest. It flashes in the heart by itself. It is this syllable which reveals the true nature of the almighty and infinite supreme spirit that hears this unmanifest inarticulate humming sound even when the senses of hearing has ceased to function due to the ears having been shut and who'es cognition is intact even when all the senses are inoperative as in sound sleep or samadhi. By which sacred syllable speech in the form of the Vedas is manifested and which owes its manifestation in the cavity of the heart of the supreme spirit. That syllable again is directly expressive of its origin the infinite supreme spirit. It is the hidden meaning of all mantras the eternal seed of the Vedas being no other than Brahma itself.
The syllable OM O jewel of the Bhrgus comprised 3 letter sounds A AU Ma which seerally hold in the form of a seed sets of 3 entities viz the three gunas modes of prakriti sattva rajas and tamas the three names Rk Yajur and Sama the three substances spheres viz Bhu the terrestrial globe, Bhuvah the aerial region and Swah the heavens, the three states of consciousness viz wakefulness dream and sound sleep. Out of the three letters the almighty Brahma evolved the alphabet comprising Antahsthas (Semi vowels) Usmas (Aspirants) Swaras (Vowels) Sparsas (Sibilants) and the short long and prolated measures of sounds. With this alphabet the mighty Brahma gave expression through his four mouths to the four vedas along with three Vyahutis (Bhu Bhuvah and Swah) and OM prefixed to the Gayathri Mantra while reciting it, with the intention of pointing out the duties of the 4 priests officiating at a sacrifice. viz (Hota, Adhwaryu Udgata and Brahma) He then taught them to his mind born sons (Marichi and others) who were all brahmana sages and accordingly expert in reciting the Vedas with proper intonation etc. The later in turn proved to be promulgators of righteousness and taught the Vedas to their sons Kasyapa and others. Received from generation to generation in the course of the four yugas by the pupils of the various sages, pupils who observed the vows of life long celibacy in order to retain them in their memory. The aforesaid Vedas were later on divided by great seers into Samhitas, Brahmanas and so on. At the end of the Dwapara age the period preceded by the Dwapara age perceiving the men to be short lived, deficient in energy and dull witted due to action of Time in the form of unrighteousness prevailing, the brahmana seers rearranged the Vedas as directed by the immortal Lord residing in their heart.
Descended from the sage Parasara through Satyavati in the form of Vedavyasa as prayed to by Brahman, Sankara and other guardians of the spheres for the vindication of righteousness, the Allmighty Lord the life giver of the universe divided the vedas into four parts. Picking out and classifying in four different groups the multitudes of mantras belonging to the categories of Rk, Atharva Yajus and Sama as various kinds of gems are associated into so many groups the Maharishi compiled 4 samhitas or collections out of these mantras. summoning in his presence four of his foremost pupils Paila and others the powerful vyasa of mighty intellect imparted one of these collections to each O Saunaka! He taught they say the very first samhita under the name of Bahvrca Samhita because consisting of a collection of Rks or psalms to paila and the body of sacred texts in prose recited during sacrifices and bearing the name of Nigada (pose) to another named Vaisampayana. He taught the body of Samas or songs going by the name of Chanduga Samhita because sung in different meters to Jaimini. and the fourth called Atharvanagirasi to his fourth pupil Sumanta.
The sage Paila taught his own Bahurdra Samhita in two parts one each to Indrapramita and Baskala. The later too divided his branch into four parts and taught one each to his disciples Bodhya, Yajnavalkya, Parasara, and Agnimitra. Indrapramita a man of self control taught his collection to the learned sage Mandukeya and his pupil was Devamitra who in his turn imparted his knowledge to sages Saubhari and others. Mandukeyas son was Sakalaya who for his part divided his collection into five branches and taught them to his pupils Vatsya, Mudgala, Saliya, Gokhalya and Sisira. The sage Jatukaranya another pupil of Sakalaya imparted the knowledge of his collection in 3 parts as well as its Nirukta explanation of obscure words to his four pupils Balaka, Paija, Vaitala, and Viraja.
Baskala's son Baskali made out of all the aforesaid branches the collection bearing the name of Valakhilya Samhita his pupils balayani, Bhajya and Kasara learnt and memorized it. Thus these brahmana sages learnt and preserved the samhitas forming part of RgVeda. Hearing of the classification of these mantras of the Veda one is completely absolved from all sins.
Some pupils of Vaisampayana were known as Carakadhwaryus because they went through on behalf of their teacher a course of penance to expiate the sin of Brahmanicide. Thereupon Yajnavalkya another disciple of Vaisampayana submitted to his preceptor Oh! of what account venerable sir will be the reward obtained through the penance of these pupils of yours of poor strength. I shall undergo a course of penance very difficult to practice. Offended when addressed thus the preceptor retorted "get away from here I have nothing more to do with you a pupil condemning Brahmanas. Give up at once all that you have learnt from me." Vomiting the portions of Yajurveda which he had learnt from his preceptor Yagnavalkya son of Devarata too immediately left the place. Sages beheld those portions of Yajurveda and greatly enamoured of them assumed the forms of partridges and picked them up. Thenceforth the most attractive branch of Yajurveda came to be known by the name of Taithirya (connected with partridges).
Seeking to obtain additional srutis not known to his preceptor Yagnavalkya O! Brahmana extolled the Sun God the master of the Vedas. Desirous of receiving knowledge of the portions of Yajur Vedas unknown to any one else, Yagnyavalkya extolled the celebrated and glorious Sun God. Pleased the Sun God assuming the form of a horse taught the sage such portions of the Yajur Vedas unknown to any one else. Yagnyavalkya then compiled 15 sakhas known by the name of Vajasani. Sages Kanava, Madhyandina and others learnt them. Sage Sumantu was the son of Jaimini the chanter of Samaveda as taught to him by Veda Vyasa. Sunvan was the son of Sumantu Jaimini taught one collection to each of them.
The highly intelligent Sukarma another pupil of Jaimini divided the tree of Samaveda into 1000 collections. Hiranyanabha of Kosala and Pausyanji the two pupils of Sukarma and Avantya too learned them. These three had 500 pupils who learnt them. Laugaksi, Mangali, Kulya, Kusida and Kuksi the pupils of Pausyanji learnt 100 collections each Krta another pupil of Hiranyagarba taught 25 collections to his pupil. Anantya taught the rest to his pupils.
The syllable OM O jewel of the Bhrgus comprised 3 letter sounds A AU Ma which seerally hold in the form of a seed sets of 3 entities viz the three gunas modes of prakriti sattva rajas and tamas the three names Rk Yajur and Sama the three substances spheres viz Bhu the terrestrial globe, Bhuvah the aerial region and Swah the heavens, the three states of consciousness viz wakefulness dream and sound sleep. Out of the three letters the almighty Brahma evolved the alphabet comprising Antahsthas (Semi vowels) Usmas (Aspirants) Swaras (Vowels) Sparsas (Sibilants) and the short long and prolated measures of sounds. With this alphabet the mighty Brahma gave expression through his four mouths to the four vedas along with three Vyahutis (Bhu Bhuvah and Swah) and OM prefixed to the Gayathri Mantra while reciting it, with the intention of pointing out the duties of the 4 priests officiating at a sacrifice. viz (Hota, Adhwaryu Udgata and Brahma) He then taught them to his mind born sons (Marichi and others) who were all brahmana sages and accordingly expert in reciting the Vedas with proper intonation etc. The later in turn proved to be promulgators of righteousness and taught the Vedas to their sons Kasyapa and others. Received from generation to generation in the course of the four yugas by the pupils of the various sages, pupils who observed the vows of life long celibacy in order to retain them in their memory. The aforesaid Vedas were later on divided by great seers into Samhitas, Brahmanas and so on. At the end of the Dwapara age the period preceded by the Dwapara age perceiving the men to be short lived, deficient in energy and dull witted due to action of Time in the form of unrighteousness prevailing, the brahmana seers rearranged the Vedas as directed by the immortal Lord residing in their heart.
Descended from the sage Parasara through Satyavati in the form of Vedavyasa as prayed to by Brahman, Sankara and other guardians of the spheres for the vindication of righteousness, the Allmighty Lord the life giver of the universe divided the vedas into four parts. Picking out and classifying in four different groups the multitudes of mantras belonging to the categories of Rk, Atharva Yajus and Sama as various kinds of gems are associated into so many groups the Maharishi compiled 4 samhitas or collections out of these mantras. summoning in his presence four of his foremost pupils Paila and others the powerful vyasa of mighty intellect imparted one of these collections to each O Saunaka! He taught they say the very first samhita under the name of Bahvrca Samhita because consisting of a collection of Rks or psalms to paila and the body of sacred texts in prose recited during sacrifices and bearing the name of Nigada (pose) to another named Vaisampayana. He taught the body of Samas or songs going by the name of Chanduga Samhita because sung in different meters to Jaimini. and the fourth called Atharvanagirasi to his fourth pupil Sumanta.
The sage Paila taught his own Bahurdra Samhita in two parts one each to Indrapramita and Baskala. The later too divided his branch into four parts and taught one each to his disciples Bodhya, Yajnavalkya, Parasara, and Agnimitra. Indrapramita a man of self control taught his collection to the learned sage Mandukeya and his pupil was Devamitra who in his turn imparted his knowledge to sages Saubhari and others. Mandukeyas son was Sakalaya who for his part divided his collection into five branches and taught them to his pupils Vatsya, Mudgala, Saliya, Gokhalya and Sisira. The sage Jatukaranya another pupil of Sakalaya imparted the knowledge of his collection in 3 parts as well as its Nirukta explanation of obscure words to his four pupils Balaka, Paija, Vaitala, and Viraja.
Baskala's son Baskali made out of all the aforesaid branches the collection bearing the name of Valakhilya Samhita his pupils balayani, Bhajya and Kasara learnt and memorized it. Thus these brahmana sages learnt and preserved the samhitas forming part of RgVeda. Hearing of the classification of these mantras of the Veda one is completely absolved from all sins.
Some pupils of Vaisampayana were known as Carakadhwaryus because they went through on behalf of their teacher a course of penance to expiate the sin of Brahmanicide. Thereupon Yajnavalkya another disciple of Vaisampayana submitted to his preceptor Oh! of what account venerable sir will be the reward obtained through the penance of these pupils of yours of poor strength. I shall undergo a course of penance very difficult to practice. Offended when addressed thus the preceptor retorted "get away from here I have nothing more to do with you a pupil condemning Brahmanas. Give up at once all that you have learnt from me." Vomiting the portions of Yajurveda which he had learnt from his preceptor Yagnavalkya son of Devarata too immediately left the place. Sages beheld those portions of Yajurveda and greatly enamoured of them assumed the forms of partridges and picked them up. Thenceforth the most attractive branch of Yajurveda came to be known by the name of Taithirya (connected with partridges).
Seeking to obtain additional srutis not known to his preceptor Yagnavalkya O! Brahmana extolled the Sun God the master of the Vedas. Desirous of receiving knowledge of the portions of Yajur Vedas unknown to any one else, Yagnyavalkya extolled the celebrated and glorious Sun God. Pleased the Sun God assuming the form of a horse taught the sage such portions of the Yajur Vedas unknown to any one else. Yagnyavalkya then compiled 15 sakhas known by the name of Vajasani. Sages Kanava, Madhyandina and others learnt them. Sage Sumantu was the son of Jaimini the chanter of Samaveda as taught to him by Veda Vyasa. Sunvan was the son of Sumantu Jaimini taught one collection to each of them.
The highly intelligent Sukarma another pupil of Jaimini divided the tree of Samaveda into 1000 collections. Hiranyanabha of Kosala and Pausyanji the two pupils of Sukarma and Avantya too learned them. These three had 500 pupils who learnt them. Laugaksi, Mangali, Kulya, Kusida and Kuksi the pupils of Pausyanji learnt 100 collections each Krta another pupil of Hiranyagarba taught 25 collections to his pupil. Anantya taught the rest to his pupils.
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