The 64 Thiruvilayadal refers to 64 divine plays or sports of Lord Shiva, as narrated in the Thiruvilayadal Puranam, a 16th-17th century Shaivite text by Paranjothi Munivar. These stories depict Shiva's actions on earth in various disguises to test and help his devotees. The text is divided into three sections: Maduraik Kandam, Kudal Kandam, and Tiruvalavayk Kandam, with each section containing a specific number of chapters or "padalams" detailing these divine plays.
The 64 Thiruvilayadal stories are a significant part of Tamil literature and culture, often depicted in temple art and religious narratives. These stories showcase Shiva's love and compassion for his devotees, as he manifests in different forms and performs miracles to guide and protect them.
Some examples of the Thiruvilayadal include:
Indra's crime being removed: Shiva removes the sin or curse of Indra, the king of the gods.
The white elephant's curse being removed: Shiva alleviates the curse on the white elephant, Airavata.
Discovery of Shiva to the locals: Shiva reveals himself to the people of Madurai and helps establish the city.
Meenakshi's incarnation: Shiva incarnates as Meenakshi, the goddess of the temple.
Meenakshi's marriage to Shiva: Shiva marries Meenakshi, taking the name Sundaresvara.
Shiva's dance in the silver hall: Shiva performs a divine dance in the silver hall of the temple.
The insatiable dwarf, Kundotharan: Shiva deals with the insatiable hunger of Kundotharan, a divine attendant.
Ganga creating the Vaigai River: Shiva commands the goddess Ganga to create the Vaigai River.
The seven seas in one place: Shiva brings the seven seas together in one place.
Resurrecting Malayadhvaja: Shiva brings the king Malayadhvaja back to life.
Subramanyan's incarnation: Shiva incarnates Subramanyan as Ukrama-Pandyan.
The god explaining the Vedas: Shiva explains the true meaning of the Vedas.
The impalement of the jains: Shiva ensures the triumph of Shaivism by punishing the Jains.
The god calling a vanni tree, lingam, and well: Shiva calls on these objects to bear witness to a marriage.
Tiruvilayadal (திருவிளையாடல்) means "Divine Play" and refers to the miraculous and playful deeds of Lord Shiva, especially those connected with the Pandya kingdom of Madurai. These stories are narrated in the Tiruvilayadal Puranam, composed by Paranjothi Munivar in Tamil.
Here’s a famous example of one such Tiruvilayadal:
The Story of the Tamil Poet Dharumi (Dharmi)
Tiruvilayadal: The Test of True Devotion and Shiva’s Grace
Location: Madurai
A poor poet named Dharumi, who lived by the temple, wanted to participate in a competition held by the Pandya king. The contest was to explain the meaning of a rare Tamil verse, and the winner would be richly rewarded.
Dharumi had no learning and felt helpless. He prayed fervently to Lord Sundareshwarar (Shiva) at the Madurai temple.
Moved by his sincere devotion, Shiva appeared in disguise as a poet and gave him a beautiful verse explaining the sound of a conch.
The verse was:
"Piravum, Valvum, Maraithalum, Vāzhthalum
Siraiyum, Pōgal, Śirappum, Āḷvān kol"
Dharumi recited it in the king’s court. But the court poet Nakkeerar, known for his scholarship, challenged the verse saying it had a flaw in its meaning.
https://youtu.be/XqfO4Vjq9kw?si=l1xJuWRzmBum4x09
https://youtu.be/fJAibKA-VaE?si=uGYSDDyKoB06UGwj
Suddenly, Shiva appeared in his divine form, revealing that he himself gave the verse.
Even then, Nakkeerar said, “Even if it is said by God Himself, if it's wrong, it's wrong!”
Shiva, angry yet amused, opened his third eye to burn Nakkeerar — but later cooled down, appreciating his commitment to truth. He blessed both Nakkeerar and Dharumi.
God helps sincere devotees even if they are unlearned.
True scholarship should come with humility.
Shiva's lilas (plays) have deeper meanings—sometimes to uphold dharma, sometimes to test devotion.
Here are three more beautiful Tiruvilayadal (திருவிளையாடல்) stories from Madurai that reflect Lord Shiva's divine play, compassion, and sense of humor:
1. The Fisherman and the Giant Fish
(Meenavan Padalam – மீனவன் படலம்)
A huge fish was terrorizing the seas, and no fisherman could catch it. The Pandya King announced that anyone who could catch it would be greatly rewarded.
A poor, sincere fisherman prayed to Lord Shiva. Shiva, taking the form of a fisherman himself, helped the man catch the giant fish.
When it was brought ashore, the fish split open, and from it came a shining Shiva Lingam, to the amazement of all.
Moral: God helps even the lowliest of professions and uplifts them through sincere devotion.
2. The Weaver’s Divine Cloth
(Kaikkolar Padalam – கைக்கோளார் படலம்)
The Pandya Queen wished for a cloth that was unlike anything ever seen — delicate, divine, and glowing. No weaver could create it.
A weaver who worshipped Shiva daily prayed for help. Lord Shiva came in the form of a master weaver and created a cloth of unimaginable beauty, filled with divine patterns and shimmer.
When the Queen wore it, she felt a spiritual bliss and realized it was no ordinary fabric — it was woven by God Himself.
Moral: When one’s work is dedicated to God, even simple craftsmanship becomes divine.
3. The Devoted Temple Elephant
(Yanai Padalam – யானை படலம்)
The temple elephant in Madurai was old and blind, but still served the Lord with love. One day, it accidentally broke a flower pot meant for the daily puja.
The priests grew angry and wanted the elephant punished. But Lord Shiva appeared in their dreams and said:
“You see a mistake, I see devotion. The elephant's heart is pure.”
The next day, they found a new golden pot in place of the broken one, and the elephant was miraculously healed.
Moral: God values bhakti (devotion) more than external ritual perfection.
https://youtu.be/6x6ACDStYcs?si=rTHPfuelrxPs4M4t
Tamil film of yesteryear is filled with thiruvilayadal stories. Sivaji gGaneshan and Nagesh have acted well it's a treat to watch.
https://youtu.be/c2sW0j4MNQc?si=XuP43dK0_W1vJBWr