mayan kukulkan

do you fear God and pray or do you love God and pray.



Lord Mahavishnu is known by the name Maayan. Paripaadal addresses Him as Maayoye. Andal also, in Her Thiruppavai, refers to Krishna as Maayan. But why does the Lord have this name? Antariksha, one of the nava yogeeswaras featured in Srimad Bhagavatam, explains why such a name came about, said P.T. Seshadri in a discourse. Antariksha says that the three acts of creating the world, sustaining it and then dissolving it are done by Maya, and this Maya is Vishnu

Thirumazhisai Azhvar lists many marvels and wonders, and says each of these is a cause for referring to the Lord as Maayan. The appearance of clouds, the retreat of waves, things moving due to wind, the waxing and waning of the Moon, the rising and setting of the Sun — all these are marvellous and these have earned for Vishnu the name of Maayan, for He is responsible for all these.

Thirumazhisai Azhvar also gives some other examples of His maya. His strength is amazing, and this is a maya. He made the world, and this is another maya. He gave us hands to worship Him, although we use our hands for other purposes. This is another maya. He dissolves the world and this too is a maya. His sankalpa fills one with awe and this too is a maya. When jivas go astray, He does not abandon them. This too is a maya. How can anyone be in possession of so many wondrous qualities? That itself is a maya, says Thirumazhisai Azhvar. So clearly, according to Thirumazhisai Azhvar, His maya means His qualities which fill one with awe. Svetasvatara Upanishad says that this world is responsible for creation. For this reason this world is called Maya. In the Gita, Krishna says that none can cross the Maya caused by the three gunas. Only those who surrender to Him can cross it.

When we lovingly say he is a Mayan i.e. not comprehensible by us it is mistaken for deceitful. 
The South American Mayan tribe pray to a winged serpent and equate it to Vishnu as he rests on serpent and has Garuda for Vahana. They call their God Kukulkan. Interesting we cannot deny the fact that he is Vishnu for Vishnu is all inclusive. Gatodgaja on the Prabhavali of the Lord is the son of Bhima he has a boon to be ever watchful.

waking the Lord

Thirupalliyezhuchi of Thondar Adipodi Azhwar

Thirupalliyezhuchi of Thondar Adipodi Azhwar

By

Thondar Adi Podi Azhwar

( Songs for waking up the Lord was not a common tradition in Hinduism. The famous exhortation of Sage Viswamithra to Lord Rama in Bala Kanda of Valmiki Ramayana viz

Kousalya Supraja Rama, Poorva Sandhya pravarthathe,

Uthishta Nara Sardula , Karthavyam daivamahnikam

Which requested him to wake up and do his ritualistic duties to God, is perhaps the only such waking up poem of the Puranas. This is strange since the system of sending Lord to sleep and waking up is prevalent in most of the famous temples of Tamil Nadu. This great Suprabatham (called Thiru palli ezhuchi) to wake up Lord Ranganatha which belongs to the Vaishavite literature or the one by Manikkavasagar to wake up lord Thiruperum thurai near trichinopoly which belongs to the Shaivite literaturehttp://www.hindupedia.com/en/Thirupalliyezhuchi(Tamil)) must be one of the first Suprabathams ever written. Sri Venkatesa Suprabatham which is used to wake up Lord Venkateswara of Thirupathi which was written about a hundred years back must be the most popular one.

Very detailed commenttry of this Thirupalliyezhuchi are given in

http://www.acharya.org/vyakyanam/tpezhu/tpezhu01.html

and

http://www.sundarasimham.org/ebooks/Thirupalliyezhichchi.pdf )

Thaniyan**

Tameva matva paravasudeva Rangeshayam rajavadarhaniyam,

Prabodhikim yokrita suktimalam bhaktanghrirenum bhagavantamide.

He observed Ranganatha as divine Narayana,

Resting in Srirangam like a king,

And wrote this garland of verses to awaken him,

Is the dust of the feet of devotees and I extol him.

2. maNDanguDi enbar mA maraiyOr manniya Seer
toNDaraDippoDi tonnaharam vaNDu |
tiNartta vayal tennarangattu ammAnai paLLi
uNarttum pirAn uditta oor || Two ||

Sree tiruvaranga perumAL araiyar

Sree rangam is a place where BagavAn lies on tiruanandAzhwAn. It abounds in green fields and flowering trees and plants. AzhwAr was born in tirumaNDanguDi, an old city famous for vaidikAs and AzhwAr. This AzhwAr has sung tiruppaLLi ezhuchchi on ranganAtha of Sree rangam.

1.Kadiravan guna disai sikaram vandhu anainthan,

Kanavirul agandrathu, kalayam pozhudai,

Madhu virundozhgina maamalar yellam,

Vanavar arasargal vandhu vandheendi,

Yedhir disai niraindanar, ivarodum puguntha,

Iru kalitheettamum , pidiyodu murasum,

Adhirdhalil alai kadal pondru uladhu yengum,

Arangathamma*, palli ezhundharulvaye.

The sun has embraced the top of the mountain on the eastern side,

The darkness of dreams have faded and in the early morning,

All great flowers have arranged for the feast , by the honey ebbing out of them,

The kings and the devas have arrived and arrived,

And have crowded on the opposite side and the he and the she elephant,

Which have come along with them joined the drums ,

And are making an ocean like noise all around,

And so Lord(mother) of Srirangam* , please do wake up.

* Lord Ranganatha is addressed as mother of Srirangam.

2.Kozhumkodi mullayin kozhumala ranavi,

Koornthathu guna disai marutham idhuvo,

Ezhundana malaranai palli kol annam,

Eenpani nanainthathum iru chiragudhari,

Vizhungiya mudalayin pilamburai pezh vay,

Vellyir uruvuthan vidathinmukkanungi,

Azhungiya aanayin arum thuyar kedutha,

Arangathamma, palli ezhundharulvaye.

The breeze from the east blows bringing with it,

The sweet incense of jasmine flowers by caressing it,

The swans which caress the lotus flowers have woken up,

By slowly shaking their wings making the dew drops fall down,

Oh Lord(mother) of Srirangam who cured the sorrow of the elephant,

Caused by its body being caught in the box like mouth,

Of the crocodile which was trying to swallow it,

I request you, Please do wake up.

3.Chudar oli parandhana choozh disai ellam,

Thunniya tharagai minnoli churungip,

Padaroli pasuthanan, pani mathi ivano,

Paayirul agandrathu , paim pozhir kamugin,

Madalidai keeri van palaigal nara,

Vaigarai koornthathu marutham ithuvo,

Adaloli thigazh tharu thigiram thadakkai,

Arangathamma, palli ezhundharulvaye.

On all directions the light of the Sun has spread,

The light of the shining stars have diminished,

The very bright moon has become very pale,

The darkness that pervaded had disappeared,

The gentle breeze blew all over the gardens,

And has opened the sheaths covering the flowers,

Of Arecanut and its sweet fragrance has spread,

And Oh Ranganatha (mother of Sri Rangam) who holds the greatly lustrous,

Holy discus , please do wake up.

4.Mettu ila methigal thalai vidum aayargal,

Vey kuzhal osayum vidai mani kuralum,

EEtiya visai disai paranthana vayulul,

Irinthina karumbinam ilanangayar kulathai,

Vattiya varisilai vanavarere,

Mamuni velviyai kathava, piratham,

Aatiya aduthiral ayothiyemmarase,

Arangathamma, palli ezhundharulvaye.

The sound of cowherds releasing the young buffalos,

The sound of the pretty flute that those cowherds play,

And the jingling sound created by bells tied round the neck of cows,

Have spread all around in all the fields,

And the honey bee in search of honey have left their hives,

And oh king of all devas who tormented the Rakshasas of Lanka,

Who took the penance of protecting the Yaga of the great sage,

Oh King of Ayodhya who wielded his bow well,

Oh Ranganatha (mother of Sri Rangam) , please do wake up.

5.Pulambina putkalum poom pozhil kalin vaay,

Poyithu kangul pugundathu pulari,

Kalandathu guna disai kanai kadal aravam,

Kai vandu mizhathiya, kalambakam punaintha,

Alangala thodayal kondu adiyinai panivaan,

Amarargal pugundhanar aadalin amma,

Ilangayal kon vazhipadu chey koil,

Arangathamma, palli ezhundharulvaye.

The birds are chattering and the flowers have opened,

The darkness has gone and the morning light has come,

The sound of the sea of the east is filling up the environment,

The devas have entered to worship you carrying along with them,

A garland made of scented flowers which are attracting honey bees,

And so Oh lord of the temple worshipped by Vibheeshana , the king of Lanka,

Oh Ranganatha(mother of Sri Rangam), please do wake up.

6.Iraviyar mani nedum therodum ivaro?

Iraiavar pathinoru vidayarum ivaro?

Maruviya mayilinan arumukhan ivano?

Marudharum Vasukkalum Vandhu vandheendi,

Puraviyodadalum padalum therum,

Kumara dandam pugundheendiya vellam,

Aruvaraianaya nin koil mun ivaro?

Arangathamma, palli ezhundharulvaye.

Are they not twelve Suns along with their great chariots?

Are they not the eleven rudras riding on their bulls?

Is he not the six faced God riding on his peacock?

Are they not the Maruths And Vasus who have come,

On their horses who are seen as singing and Dancing?

Are they not being followed by their Chariots,

And horses who are following all of them?

Oh Ranganatha(mother of Sri Rangam) , please do wake up?

7,Andarathu amarargal kootangal ivayo?

Arunthava munivarum marutharum ivaro?

Indirananayum thanum vandhivano?

Em peruman , un koilin vasaal,

Sundarar nerukkavi sadarar nooka,

Iyakkarum mayakkinar thiruvadi thozhuvan,

Andharam paridam illai mathithuvo,

Arangathamma, palli ezhundharulvaye.

Are they the crowd of the devas from the celestial world?

Are they very great sages and the maruths?

Have Indra and his elephant have come here?

The Gandharwas are crowding and Vidhyadharas are pressing,

And the yakshas have fainted in their effort to salute your feet,

And there is crowding in the sky as well as earth,

And so Oh Ranganatha(mother of Sri Rangam), please do wake up.

8.Vambavizh vanavar vayurai vazhanga,

Manidhi kapilayon kannadi mudalaa,

Yemperuman padimai kalam kaandarkku,

Yerpanavayina kondu nan munivar,

Thumburu Naradar pugundanar ivaro,

Thondrinan iraviyum thulangoli parappi,

Ambara thathi nindru agalukindrathu irul poy,

Arangathamma, palli ezhundharulvaye.

With the devas bringing great treasures to you,

As well as the arugam grass also to you,

Great sages are arranging cow , mirror and other things,

Including container of collyrium to be seen by the Lord,

The great sage singers Thumburu and Narada have come,

The great sun God has come out spreading great light,

All over the sky and the darkness is fading away,

And so Oh Ranganatha(mother of Sri Rangam), please do wake up.

9.Yethamil than ummai yekkam ma thaliye,

Yazh kuzhal muzhava mod isai disai kezhmi,

Geethangal padinar kinnarar gerudargal,

Kandharuvar avar kanguluhamellam,

Mathavar vanavar charanar iyakkar,

Chitharum mayanginar thiruvadi thozhuvan,

Aathalil avarkku nalokka marula,

Arangathamma, palli ezhundharulvaye.

Without any interruption along with ,

Accompaniment of Veena, flute and drums,

The Kinnaras, Garudas , Gandharwas

And all their world , along with great saints,

Sing about you filling all directions with that sound,

And the Charanas, Yakshas and Sidhas ,

Are fainting due to this devotional music,

And are waiting to see your holy feet,

And to give all of them your holy sight,

Oh Ranganatha (mother of Sri Rangam), please do wake up.

10.Kadi malar kamalangal malarndhana ivayo,

Kadhiravan kanai kadal mulaithanan ivano.

Thudi idayaar churi kuzhal pizhindu udhari,

THugil udutherinar choozh punalaranga,

Thodai otha thulavamum koodayum polindhu,

Thondriya thol THondar adipodi yennum,

Adiyanai aliyananendru aruli unnadiyaarkku,

aadpaduthaay , palliyezhundaralaye,

Are these the new lotuses that have opened?

Is this not the Sun who has risen above the tumultuous sea?

Oh Ranga, the pretty damsels with thin middle,

After bathing in the river , have climbed to the shore,

And have shaken the water from their tresses and tied them,

I with a big garland of Thulasi running up to the thighs,

And is the dust of the feet of your devotees and ,

I may please be introduced to your devotees as your own,

Oh Lord(mother) Ranganatha , please wake up.

catch it if you like.

Smiling is infectious
you catch it like the flu,
When someone smiled at me today
I started smiling too,
I walked around the corner 
and some one saw me grin,
When he smiled i realized 
I had passed it on to him,
I thought about the smile
and then realized its worth,
A single smile like mine
could travel round the earth,
So if you feel a smile begin  
do'nt leave it undetected,
start an epidemic and
get the world infected.

By spike Milligen

Solitude

BY ELLA WHEELER WILCOX

Laugh, and the world laughs with you;

Weep, and you weep alone;

For the sad old earth must borrow its mirth,

But has trouble enough of its own.

Sing, and the hills will answer;

Sigh, it is lost on the air;

The echoes bound to a joyful sound,

But shrink from voicing care.

Rejoice, and men will seek you;

Grieve, and they turn and go;

They want full measure of all your pleasure,

But they do not need your woe.

Be glad, and your friends are many;

Be sad, and you lose them all,—

There are none to decline your nectared wine,

But alone you must drink life’s gall.

Feast, and your halls are crowded;

Fast, and the world goes by.

Succeed and give, and it helps you live,

But no man can help you die.

There is room in the halls of pleasure

For a large and lordly train,

But one by one we must all file on

Through the narrow aisles of pain

Venkatesa Rama

1.Ravi vamsa  samudhbhootho   Raghavo  Bharathagraja  ,

Kausalya thanayo Ramo , Viswamithra  Priyankara

Raghava  born in solar   dynasty   is elder brother of BHaratha ,

He is Rama  the son of Kausalya and   was greatly liked  by  Viswamithra.

2.Taaka ari Subahugno  , Bala  Athi bala  Manthravaan,

Ahalyaa shapa  vichedhi  pravishta  Janakalaya

The Killer of Thataka  and Subahu , who had Mastered The Manthras  called Bala and Athibala,

Cut off   the   curse  of Ahalya   and reached  the home  of Janaka.

3.Swayamvara sabhaa  aasmastha  , eesa  chapa prabhanjana  ,

Janaki parineethaa   cha Janakadheesa  samsthuthaa  .

He  went to the SWayamvara hall   and broke  the  bow of Lord Shiva  ,

He married  Janaki   and is greatly  praised  by  Lord Janaka.

4.Jamadagni   tanuja athyodhaa  , ayodhya adhipa   agranee ,

Pithru vakhya   pratheepala , thyaktha  rajya   salakshmana .

He won over the son of Jamatagni   and   was recognized as king of Ayodhya,

But for   obeying the orders of his father, he gave up the  kingdom along   with Lakshmana.

5.Sa  seethas chithrakootastho   bharathahitharajyakaa ,

Kaaka darpa  praharataa  cha dandakaranya vasaka.

Rama went to Chithrakoota  with Sita  and handed  over  the kingdom to Bharatha ,

Rama destroyed the  pride of Kakasura   and started  living  in  Dandakaranya.

6,Pancha vatyaam viharee cha  swadharma  Pariposhaka  ,

Viradhaha  Agasthya mukhya muni  sammanithaa.

Rama started living in Panchavati and  nurtured  His Dharma there,

He killed Viradha    and was honoured by Agasthya   and other great sages.

7.Indra chapa  Dharaa khadga dhara  cha akshayayakha  ,

Kharanthako    Dhooshanari, Trishiraskaripurvrushaa.

He  held Indra’s bow , carried his sword   and the inexhaustible  arrow case ,

That great Kshatriya killed  Khara , Dhooshana   and Trisiras.

8.Thathaa   surpanakha  nasas chethaa valkala darakha  ,

Jataavvaan  Parnashastho mareecha  bala  Mardhaka.

The nose of Surpanakha  was cut  by him   who was  dressed in Wooden bark,

He  lived in thatched hut   , sported matted hair  and destroyed  the power of Mareecha.

9.Pakshi raat   krutha samvaadho  Ravi thejaa  Mahabala,

Shabaryaa  neetha phla  bhk   hanoomath   parithoshithaa .

Then  that very strong   one of solar clan    discussed   with the king of birds,

Partook   the fruit  offered by Shabhari   and he filled  Hanuman with joy.

10.Sugreevabhyadho   daithyaakhyaa  kshepana  Baasura  ,

Saptha tala   SAmuchedhaa   vaali hruth   kapi samvrutha.

He offered   protection to Sugreeva , kicked     the  Asuras skeleton  ,

And pierced   the seven   trees   and also pierced the heart of Vali  and was surrounded by Monkeys.

11.Vayu soonu krutha sevaa   thyaktha  pampaa   kushanah ,

Udhanvaatheergha   shooro   Vibheeshana vara  Pradha.

Rama accepts service of  Hanuman, leaves Pampa   and crosses  the ocean,

After sitting  in penance on Darbha grass   and gave  boons to Vibheeshana.

12.Sethu krutha   , daithyaa  praptha Lanko  alankaravaan swayam,

Athikaya shira chetha   Kumbakarna  Vibhedhana  .

 He who is handsome  constructed  the bridge  , reached Lanka  occupied by Asuras

 Cut off the head of Athikaya   and cut  Kumbhakarna    to pieces.

13.Dasa Kanta  Shirodwamsee   Jambhavath pramukhavruthaa  ,

Janakeesha   suradhyakshaa   saketha   purathanaa.

Surrounded by great ones like Jambhavan  he cut off the  heads of ten headed one  ,,

And  the king of Devas  and Lord Of Janaki reached    the city of Saketha.

14.Punya sloko  Veda Vedhyaa   swami  theertha nivasaka ,

Lakshmeesarah kekhilo  Lakskshmeeso   Loka  Rakshaka.

He who can be reached  by divine verses   lives  in Swami Pushkarini  ,

He is the  God of Lakshmi   who immerses in the pond of Lakshmi and is the protector  of the universe.

There fourteen verses   are   a part of  Venkatesa  Sahasranamam   the entire Ramayana   is retold in these  14 verses.He calls it  Venkatesa  Ramayanam by R.Venkata Rathnam

experience the power of a bookbook

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQjt-A9po_Y&feature=emb_rel_end

little things make manners.

job hunt

little has changed.

D C

Diff between Literature and journalism. Posting as prabhasimha

not later than now

I think this text is very beautiful, very true .... !

 Hardly the day started and ... it is already six o'clock in the evening.
Barely arrived on Monday and it's already Friday.
... and the month is already over.
... and the year is almost up.
... and already 40, 50, 60 or 70 years of our lives have passed.
... and we realize that we lost our parent, friends.
and we realize that it is too late to go back ...
So ... Let's try, however, to take full advantage of the time we have left ...
Let's not stop looking for activities that we like ...
Let's put color in our grey ness ...
Let's smile at the little things in life that put balm in our hearts.
And yet, we must continue to enjoy serenely the time that remains. Let's try to eliminate the "after" ...
I do it after ...
I will say after ...
I will think about it after ...
We leave everything for later as if "after" was ours.
Because what we do not understand is that:
after, the coffee cools ...
after, priorities change ...
after, the charm is broken ...
after, health passes ...
after, the children grow up ...
after, the parents get older ...
after, the promises are forgotten ...
after, the day becomes the night ...
after, life ends ...
And after that it's often too late ....
So ... leave nothing for later ...
Because always waiting for later, we can lose the best moments,
the best experiences,
the best friends,
the best family ...
The day is today ... The moment is now ...

work ethics

It’s hard not to get worked up emotionally when you’re in a tense conversation. After all, a disagreement can feel like a threat. You’re afraid you’re going to have to give up something — your point of view, the way you’re used to doing something, the notion that you’re right, or maybe even power – and your body therefore ramps up for a fight by triggering the sympathetic nervous system. This is a natural response, but the problem is that our bodies and minds aren’t particularly good at discerning between the threats presented by not getting your way on the project plan and, say, being chased down by a bear. Your heart rate and breathing rate spike, your muscles tighten, the blood in your body moves away from your organs, and you’re likely to feel uncomfortable.

None of this puts you in the right frame of mind to resolve a conflict. If your body goes into “fight or flight” mode or what Dan Goleman called “amygdala hijack,” you may lose access to the prefrontal cortex, the part of your brain responsible for rational thinking. And making rational decisions is precisely what you need to do in a difficult conversation. Not only are you losing the ability to think clearly but chances are your counterpart notices the signs of stress — your face turning red, the pace of your speech speeding up — and, because of mirror neurons that cause us to “catch” the emotions of another person, your colleague is likely to start feeling the same way. Before you know it, the conversation has derailed and the conflict intensifies.

Luckily, it’s possible to interrupt this physical response, manage your emotions, and clear the way for a productive discussion. There are several things you can do to keep your cool during a conversation or to calm yourself down if you’ve gotten worked up.

Breathe. Simple mindfulness techniques can be your best friend in tense situations and none is more straightforward and accessible than using your breath. So when you start noticing yourself getting tense, try to focus on breathing. Notice the sensation of air coming in and out of your lungs. Feel it pass through your nostrils or down the back of your throat. This will take your attention off the physical signs of panic and keep you centered. Some mindfulness experts suggest counting your breath — either inhaling and exhaling for a count of 6, for example, or just counting each exhale until you get to 10 and then starting again.

Focus on your body. Sitting still when you’re having a difficult conversation can make the emotions build up rather than dissipate. Experts say that standing up and walking around helps to activate the thinking part of your brain. If you and your counterpart are seated at a table, you may be hesitant to suddenly stand up. Fair enough. Instead, you might say, “I feel like I need to stretch some. Mind if I walk around a bit?” If that still doesn’t feel comfortable, you can do small physical things like crossing two fingers or placing your feet firmly on the ground and noticing what the floor feels like on the bottom of your shoes. Mindfulness experts call this “anchoring.” It can work in all kinds of stressful situations. For example, for a long time I was afraid of flying, but I found that counting while touching each of my fingers with my thumb helped to get me out of my rumination mode.

Try saying a mantra. This is a piece of advice I’ve gotten from Amy Jen Su, managing partner of Paravis Partners and coauthor of Own the Room. She recommends coming up with a phrase that you can repeat to yourself to remind you to stay calm. Some of her clients have found “Go to neutral” to be a helpful prompt. You can also try “This isn’t about me,” “This will pass,” or “This is about the business.”

Acknowledge and label your feelings. Another useful tactic comes from Susan David, author of Emotional Agility. When you’re feeling emotional, “the attention you give your thoughts and feelings crowds your mind; there’s no room to examine them,” she says. To distance yourself from the feeling, label it. “Call a thought a thought and an emotion an emotion,” says David. He is so wrong about that and it’s making me mad becomes I’m having the thought that my coworker is wrong, and I’m feeling anger. Labeling like this allows you to see your thoughts and feelings for what they are: “transient sources of data that may or may not prove helpful.” When you put that space between these emotions and you, it’s easier to let them go — and not bury them or let them explode.

Take a break. In my experience, this is a far-underused approach. The more time you give yourself to process your emotions, the less intense they are likely to be. So when things get heated, you may need to excuse yourself for a moment — get a cup of coffee or a glass of water, go to the bathroom, or take a brief stroll around the office. Be sure to give a neutral reason for why you want to stand up and pause the conversation — the last thing you want is for your counterpart to think that things are going so badly you’re desperate to escape. Try saying something like, “I’m sorry to interrupt you, but I’d love to get a quick cup of coffee before we continue. Can I get you something while I’m up?”

Keep in mind that you’re probably not the only one who’s upset. Your counterpart is likely to express anger or frustration too. While you may want to give them the above advice, no one wants to be told they need to breathe more deeply or take a break. So you may be in a situation where you just need to let the other person vent. That’s usually easier said than done though. It’s hard not to yell back when you’re being attacked, but that’s not going to help. Jeanne Brett, a professor of dispute resolution and negotiations at Kellogg School of Management, suggests visualizing your coworker’s words going over your shoulder, not hitting you in the chest. But don’t act aloof; it’s important to show that you’re listening. If you don’t feed your counterpart’s negative emotion with your own, it’s likely they will wind down.

view of ancient Indian knowledge of multiplication.

Ancient Books Show the Story of Multiplication

By Raj Vedam

27 Oct 2019

Ancient Indians had powers of 10 enumerated in the Rg Veda, which names numbers as large as 10 to the power of 62 and more. Surya Siddhanta shows large and small numbers, measuring time from 10 to the power of 22 seconds up to 10 to the power of minus 7 seconds. The Yajur Veda discusses the nature of infinity in the famous “Purnamidam” mantra. Later Buddhist works name very large numbers, with 10 to the power of 421, and much larger. These instances show knowledge of doubling as a means for multiplication and diminishing as a means for division from the very early Vedic era thru the Buddhist era.

Baudhayana who is Western-dated questionably to 800 BCE shows knowledge of squares and square-roots in Sulba Sutras. Aryabhata (499 CE) in Aryabhatiya proposed an algorithm called “Kuttaka” to solve linear equations in integer variables which required multiplication and division. By the time of Brahmagupta (625 CE), ancient Indians had rules for multiplication with negative positive and zero numbers as seen in Brahmasputasiddhanta. From Bhaskara II (1125 CE) to the time of Madhava (1400 CE) saw the development of rudimentary calculus, as well as infinite series expansion of several functions, showing advanced knowledge.

It is instructive to see how multiplication was done in other societies in the ancient world.

The Egyptians used repeated doubling of numbers to multiply as seen in their earliest work, “Moscow papyrus” of 1800 BCE, a period after contact with migrants from India, around 1900 BCE.

The Sumerians who worked with the Harappans had a base-60 system which was inherited in neo-Babylonia, and between 300- 400 BCE, we see multiplication tables till 59 in Cuneiform tablets. Ancient Indian trade with the Sumerians, Kassites, Babylonians thru ports from Bharuch and Lothal to ancient Red Sea and Persian Gulf ports permitted transmission of Indian knowledge in various time periods, accounting for similarities seen in stories, medicine, astronomy and math.

The Greeks used repeated doubling similar to the Egyptians to do rudimentary multiplication, and are known to have origins in the Pythagorean School, influenced by ancient India.

The Chinese had multiplication tables at least by 300 BCE as seen in a recent find by Tsinghua Univ (see the picture). The book Nine Chapters on Mathematical Arts (between 100 CE – 250 CE) even discussed a method of solving simultaneous linear equations, indicating knowledge of multiplication and division. The Chinese benefited with Buddhist knowledge transfers of Indian math and medicine over an extended period of time.

The Arabs learnt arithmetic and astronomy including several other fields of study from Sanskrit works translated to Arabic and Persian in the 8th-12th centuries, notably using Al Khwarizmi’s 825 CE work, On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals, as well as translations of Brahmagupta’s works, which included decimal place value multiplication.

Europe learnt about Indian numerals via Arabic works translated to Latin such as Algoritmi de numero Indorum in the 11th-13thcenturies in Toledo, but were thwarted by the Church for use of “Satan’s numbers”, fearful of “zero” and “infinity”.

Fibonacci introduced Indian numerals to Western Europe in 1200s, but adoption was slow till invention of the printing press and works by Adam Ries, a German who wrote a popular text showing how to do arithmetic using Indian numerals in 1500s.

In Britain, the first evidence we have of place-value multiplication is in Robert Recorde’s works, for example in his 1556 book, The Castle of Knowledge, (see the picture below, where a number is cubed), many thousands of years after Indians were routinely multiplying large numbers.

One has to wonder how Britain matured in math from the elementary arithmetic in this 1556 book to Isaac Newton (1643-1727), allegedly inventing calculus in deep rivalry with Leibnitz, in about 100 years of gestation of mathematical ideas and principles.

And at the same time, India that was light-years ahead of Europe in math went behind by 1700s, and its educational system lay in ruins by 1850s.(See Sahana Singh's book, The Educational Heritage of Ancient India: How an Ecosystem of Learning Was Laid to Waste).

While there is no doubt about the development of modern mathematics post 1700s in Europe even as classical civilizations were being ravaged by the colonialists, their dearth of citation to earlier works that they built upon has led to a regrettable industry of Eurocentric works that posit the birth of all math in Babylon, Greece and Europe, with just grudging nods to Indian, Chinese and Arabic mathematicians of ancient times.

GP.

http://bit.ly/37mPjP9

Indication of the future incarnation.

We visited this temple immediately after having the darshanam of the great Lord Attivaradar at Kanchi. Still being in the state of mesmerized bliss on seeing the Lord and after  tasting the hot Mysore pak the visit to this temple will be etched in our minds for a long time to come we felt  very positive welcome vibes as if the Lord was saying there you were rushed through look at me at leisure to your hearts content and the thairsadam prasadam still lingers in us. Grand children were given a second helping. A beautiful temple a memorable visit felt blessed. 
The Visvaroopa Lakshmi Narasimha Temple is located at a distance of about 60 kms from chennai at Kattavakkam village Walajabad  via padappai.

The gigantic majesty and the fascinating grandeur of the sixteen feet tall idol and felt moved by the delightfully awe-inspiring Divine Form of the Lord. The total height of the Form of the Lord from the base till the hoods of ‘Adhisesha’ is 25 feet. The exquisitely sculpted ‘Divya Mangala Moola Vigraham’ of the Lord , has the distinctly unique features exactly in line with the description of the Lord as found in the ‘Brahma Sthuthi’ ( ‘Dhyana Sloka’ ) of Sri Lakshmi Nrusimha preceding the ‘Lakshmi Nrusimha Sahasranama Sthothra’.   the Lord displays an extremely pleased and a broadly smiling face (‘athiprasanna vadhanam’)with a very condescendingly kind mood for responding to all our prayers, is seated in the Yogic posture with His consort ‘Lakshmi’ seated on His left lap who is embracing the Lord with Her right hand and holding a lotus flower on Her left hand. The Lord wields the ‘Sudarsana Chakra’ on His back right hand and the bow and arrow on His back left hand (as the fore-running indication of the fame He intends to acquire wielding these ‘Kodanda’ in the subsequent ‘Yuga’ in the Rama Avatara) while His both the forehands are in the usual ‘Abhaya Hastha’ and ‘Varada Hastha’ postures. Nrusimha also known as ‘Athirudra’, in this holy Form has three eyes, the third one on His forehead and the ‘Adhisesha’ above His head has seven hoods (like the seven flames of the sacred fire, ‘Saptha Jihva’) each with a separate crown and sparkling ‘Nagarathna’ above each head.

quotes from vedas

“Do not be led by others,
awaken your own mind,
amass your own experience,
and decide for yourself your own path.”
― Veda

“This earth is His, to Him belong those vast and boundless skies;Both seas within Him rest, and yet in that small pool He lies.”
― Atharvaveda

“O Indra, destroy all
those lustful people
behaving like birds....
angry ones
behaving like wolves....
greedy ones
behaving like vultures....
enticed ones
behaving like owls.....
arrogant ones
behaivng like eagles
and the jealous ones
behaving like dogs.”
― Veda

"Through all this world strode Vishnu:
thrice his foot he planted,
and the whole world was gathered in his footsteps.
Vishnu, the guardian,
he whom none deceiveth,
made three steps and established his laws."
-the Sama Veda (8:2:5)

“One should strongly resent miserliness
and indulge in charity
because one can acquire the never-ending wealth
of immortality by doing so.”
-The Rig Veda

"Hail, Water,
ye bring health and bliss:
ye help us to energy.
That we may look on great delight!
-the Sama Veda (9:2:10

“One should performed karma for the benefit of humanity
with an unbiased approach because bias gives birth to evil,
which creates thousands of obstacles in our path. ”
The Rig Veda

One not knowing a land asks of one who knows it, he goes forward instructed by the knowing one. Such, indeed, is the blessing of instruction, one finds a path that leads him straight onward.

“One ruins the mind
if he or she indulges in bad deeds
and ends up in misery. ”
The Rig Veda

“The person who is always involved in good deeds experiences incessant divine happiness. ”
-The Rig Veda

By self dedication (Vrata) one obtains consecration (Diksha)

By consecration one obtains grace (Dakshina)

By grace one obtains reverence (Sraddha),

By reverence is Truth (satya) obtained YV.Vs 19-30

When, Lord of our prayer, the first of Speech and the foremost

The sages uttered, giving the unnamed a name,

Which was their best and their most stainless, then they

With love revealed the Divine secret in their souls RV 10-71-1

You who by the Dharma (law) has spread about

Flowering and seed bearing plants and streams of water

You who generate the matchless lightning in the sky RV 2-13-7