T N.

Tamil Nadu also known as My Home State. Tamil Nadu has lot of unique things in the nation, sometime the whole world. Tamil Nadu is state of contradiction both physically and mentally. I will start with geography then will go towards education, politics, economics..etc. curtesy Vijay.https://www.quora.com/profile/Vijay-2779

1. Tamil Nadu is considered one of the flattest state in South India (Telangana fall in Deccan plateau) but Tamil Nadu has largest number of people living above 2000m elevation in south India or non Himalayan states in India.

2. Tamil Nadu is the only state with coast in Arabian sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian ocean.

3. When most of the country receives rain during south west monsoon (Jun-Oct). Tamil Nadu receives its main rainfall during North East Monsoon (Mostly Nov-Dec)

4. Tamil Nadu is the only state with Hill station that can be visited during June to Sep without getting drenched in rain. Tamil Nadu Hill stations like Ooty, Coonoor, Kotagiri, Manjolai,. Megamalai, Yercaud, Jamunamarthur, Yelagiri and Kodaikanal receives their main rain during winter - Oct-Dec. So, it is considered the best suited hill stations during Summer. Ooty and Kodaikanal has lowest avg. temperature during winter in south India.

5. Manjolai in Tamil Nadu is the highest rainfall place(>2500mm) in the country during winter (Nov-Dec). One of the highest rainfall places during winter in the northern hemisphere.

6. Due to eight month rainfall in its northern coast (Pulicat to Vedaranyam)(thunderstorm during SWM. Monsoon during NEM). Tamil Nadu is the only state in the country and one of the very few places in the world to have dry evergreen forest.

7. The Lowest annual rainfall district in Kerala - Thiruvananthapuram dt (1828 mm) has more rainfall than the highest rainfall dt in Tamil Nadu The Nilgiris (1567mm). Average annual rainfall in TN is ~898-958 mm. Top 5 Annual Rainfall Districts are 1. Nilgiris(1522-1567mm) 2. Kanyakumari (1302-1408mm) 3. Chennai(1324-1358mm), 4. Nagapattinam(1293-1393mm) 5. Kanchipuram(1215-1227mm)

8. Even though Tamil Nadu is a dry state but it has places which see highest rainfall in a day. E.g. Avalanche in Nilgiri district recorded 911mm rain in 24hrs, 1731mm in 48hrs. Upper Bhavani, Avalanche, Mukurthi, Devala rain stations register one of the highest single day rainfalls in the country.

9. Tamil Nadu has 34 distinct river basin, Considering all the west flowing rivers as one(i.e. BharataPuzha, Chalakudi, Idamalayar, Chaliyar as one). Tamil Nadu rivers are classified into 17 hydro-logical river basin. Tamil Nadu do not have any continuous large highland river basin. It is simply do not have place to build any large dams.

9. Tamil Nadu has highest population in the South India but if you add all the locally generated surface water flow in the whole state, it is less than water inflow seen in SriSailam dam built across river Krishna in Andhra Pradesh.

10. Suruliyar Hydro power plant across Suruliyar River (Vaigai ) in Theni district has the highest head of any hydropower plant in India with 979m hydro head.

11. Tamil Nadu has lowest surface water in in the south also one of the lowest per-capita surface water in the country.

12. Tamil Nadu has highest installed wind power (9200MW) plant in the country. It competes with Karnataka for top slot for overall installed renewable energy (16300 MW).

13. Tamil Nadu is the only state/province in the world to tap 110% (!!!) economically available hydro power sources. As of Now, Tamil Nadu has 2200MW installed hydro power stations. Extra 10% due to, TN generating power from water diverted from Kerala in PAP project and Mullaperiyar. Compare this with Srisailam dam, just one dam has 1670MW power capacity.

14. Tamil Nadu is the only state with all kind of Hydro Power stations and turbines.

• * Tamil Nadu has high head traditional hydro power station (Both tunnel and penstock)
• * Tamil Nadu also has low and medium head hydro power stations
• * Tamil Nadu also has seven run off the river hydro power stations across Cauvery (7*30MW = 210MW). 1. Chekkanur Barrage 2. Nerinjipettai Barrage 3. Koneripatti Barrage 4. Uratchikottai Barrage 5. Samayasangili Barrage 6. Vendipalayam Barrage 7. Solasiramani Barrage.
• * Tamil Nadu also has pumped hydro project Kadambarai pumped hydro station( 4*100MW), Kundah project is in construction.

15. Bhavani river is one of the high gradient river in the country with highest fall in few km. It is also Source of more than 40% of TN hydro power (>850MW).

16. Tamil Nadu has highest number of large lakes/dams above 2000m height in a single region. Nilgiri District (Avalanche-Emerald - 5.5 TMC, Upper Bhavani - 3.57 TMC, Porthimund - 2.12 TMC, Pykara - 2 TMC, Mukurthy - 1.79 TMC, Sandyanallah - 0.94 TMC, Parsons Valley - 0.68 TMC ..etc).

17. Tamil Nadu is the only state whose map looks like a human head

18. Tamil Nadu has highest installed nuclear power capacity in the country (~2400MW). In few years Tamil Nadu will be the only state in the world with Thorium based Nuclear power plant.

19. Tamil Nadu is the only state in the country with 1000 MW rating single Transformer and generator unit located in Kudankulam power plant (I am an Electrical Engineer. can’t help).

20. Tamil Nadu has largest sea water desalination capacity in the country.

21. Cauvery river basin occupy 1/3rd of Tamil Nadu area. Cauvery is a medium sized river, it is 11th largest (individual river) in India.

22. Even though cauvery is small river, but it created large natural delta in Tamil nadu, it is comparable to other delta created by larger rivers. Cauvery delta is one of the flattest delta. After Trichy, Cauvery river split into 120 dis-tributary (sub-river) forms natural nerve system of Cauvery delta region (> 6700sq.km). From Kallanai, till the tail end of Pumpuhar and Karaikal is just 120km but cauvery streams and sub-streams in the delta have the total length of 42500km.

23. Tamil Nadu has shallow sea in its southern tip near palk strait. One can walk more than 3–5 km into the sea without drowning. Tamil Nadu and Srilanka is connected by land. After 15th century shallow sea sunk those landmass.

24. Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere reserve is the only marine biosphere reserve in the country. Tamil Nadu has three UNESCO listed biosphere reserve (Nilgiri, Agastya Mala, Gulf of Mannar).

25. Tamil Nadu has both Western and Eastern Ghats. In Western Ghats, it has Nilgiri Range, Anaikatti Range (Noyyal/Maruthamalai), Anaimalai range, Palani Hills range, Cardamom hill range and Agastiya Malai Range. In Eastern ghats - Jawadu hills, Servarayan hills, Kalvarayan hills, Yelagiri hills, Kolli hills, Jarugumala, Sirumalai, Alagar hills, Hasanur/Talavadi/Bargur range and TN Koundinya range.

26. Tamil Nadu also has its own sand dune desert called Therikadu in Thoothukudi dt. It is one of the redsand dune desert in India.

27. Almost 100% of India’s anti-venom for snake bites is supplied from Tamil Nadu by Irula co-operatives. King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research in Chennai is one of the few centers in the world to produce anti-venom for King Cobra the most venomous snake species.

28. Tamil Nadu has most number of island surrounded by salt water sea in peninsular India. Rameswaram is the largest island by area in Tamil Nadu surrounded by salt water sea.

29. Tamil Nadu has healthiest coral reefs in Mannar Marine park in gulf of Mannar and Palk strait. It is the best place for snorkling in penninsular India

30. Mumbai is city of Mangroves. Andhra Pradesh and West bengal are state of Mangroves. Tamil Nadu has fraction of national mangroves but it has its own mangrove forest which are easily sailable.

31. Agasthyamalai forest range shared between Tamil Nadu and Kerala has one of the largest number of endemic flora in India. Tamil Nadu comes in top-3 states with highest flora (plant) diversity in India (Highest in some estimate).

32. Nilgiris biosphere reserve is one of the UNESCO listed biosphere reserve in the world, it contains largest number of Bengal Tigers, Asian Elephant, Gaur/Indian Bison..etc in the single contiguous location in the world. Lies in TN(2537.6 sqkm), KA(1527.4 sqkm) & KL(1455.4 sqkm). Nilgiri has one of the largest number of flora and fauna diversity in the entire world. But unfortunately struggling with fragmentation of forest, invasive plants and dams. It comes in top-3 in India in men-animal conflict. Just in 2020 more than 20 elephant died just in coimbatore forest division. Lots of plants only found in Nilgiris are disappearing every day.

33. TN has around 22000+ sq.km forest land (17% of state area, less than global average) divided into 15 forest circle. Each circle divided into many forest division (45), each division divided into many forest range(203), each range divided into forest section(471). 91 IFS officers manages Tamil Nadu forest.

34. Gudalur forest division in Nilgiri district considered top-3 places in India with highest man-animal conflict in the country. Eco-sensitive zone splits the nilgiri forest into two.

35. Tamil Nadu has 5 tiger reserve(MH-6, MP-6 &KA-5), has fifth highest tiger population. One of the top 5 state for Tiger, Leopard, Gaur and Elephants

36. Kottamalai peak at 2019m elevation situated near Rajapalayam, Virudhunagar district is the southern most peak of India with elevation greater than 2000m

37. Tamil Nadu has more than 20 mountain peak with elevation more than 2300m (donot compare with Himalayan states), highest in Non-Himalayan state in the country.

38. Siruvani forest range in Coimbatore forest division is identified as butterfly super-hotspot. It contains 74% (~240) of all butter fly species(~325) in Tamil Nadu. One of the highest in the country

39. Tamil Nadu is Third largest producer(15+%) of Tea, after Assam(50+%) and West Bengal(25+%), much higher than Kerala. Tea estates are situated in Nilgiris district, Megamalai(Theni dt), Valparai(Cimbatore dt) and Manjolai(Tirunelveli dt).

40. Tamil Nadu has highest number of education institutions that topped in the national ranking.

41. Tamil Nadu has most visible indigenous dog breed in the country, most famous dog breeds are Rajapalayam, Kombai, Kanni/Chippiparai and Mandai. Kanni dog is known for its athletic ability, they can run faster and jump easily without an effort. Kanni also donot bark much.

Rajapalayam known for their milky white and pink eye and intelligence

Kombai dog is known for its high temper, it is considered one men dog, can hunt and eat whole animal.

42. Tamil Nadu is known for its squirrel diversity, it has many giant and normal squirrel varieties. Srivilliputhur Giant Squirrel sanctuary dedicated for grey giant squirrels.

43. The only major river gorge/canyon in Tamil Nadu is Moyar river gorge (act as border between TN and KA). This rocky river gorge dissect the eastern Ghats with western Ghats. Moyar a beautiful river starts in Glenmorgen dam, Pykara is its main tributary.

44. Kollukkumalai in Theni district has the highest tea organic tea estate in India. It offers the most beautiful sunrise in south india. Even though, it is part of Tamil Nadu, it can be accessed only through Kerala (TN side requires trekking). It is most famous destination in Munnar Tourism.

(Photo is from Internet, just for educational purpose only)

45. Chennai has well built transport system (may not be best maintained). It host the record of having 7 railway stations in single locality, those are 1. Chennai central station. 2. Moore market suburban railway station, 3. Park suburban station, 4. Park town MRTS, 5. Chennai Metro station (also 6. Chennai fort MRTS and 7. Suburban stations are very nearby).

46. Western side of Tamil Nadu is encircled by western ghats. When western ghats enters Wayanad area of Kerala its height also increases. In Karnataka western ghats goes till ~1950m high peak, but when it enters Tamil Nadu, many places it goes beyond 2500m mainly in Nilgiri Hills(Ooty), Palani hills(Kodaikanal), parts of Anaimalai hills(near Valparai). Also western ghats heights rapidly deceases towards (west-east) Tamil Nadu, so it creates sudden drop in altitude. That make so many tall water falls created by small rivers.

47. Tamil Nadu home to many tall waterfalls these are taller than Jog falls, only northeastern and northern Himalayas have falls taller than Tamil Nadu. Most of the tall waters falls located in Palani hill ranges of Dindigul district (Home to Kodaikanal). Many water falls are unnamed.

Thalaiyar falls created by Manjalaru river(tributary of Vaigai), it has a height of 972ft, it could be reached by trek (not too easy & also not too difficult trek), surrounded by dense forest. Since, Manjalaru is so small river, it have less flow for half of a year.

47. Palar-Porundhalar river basin, a small river basin form part of Shanmugha nadhi river basin, that is part of Amaravathi sub basin of Cauvery river. Palar-Porundhalar has numerous tall water falls some of them are taller than 1000ft. Many are unnamed. The famous silver cascade falls of Kodaikanal also formed by Palar river

The above one shows the steep waterfall (>1200ft) downstream of smaller Pallangi waterfall near Kodaikanal, peart of streams belong to Porunthalar river. It is difficult view them due to dense forest and there is no road to these falls.

it is difficult to count these waterfalls. During south west and north east monsoon, these falls will be full of water but difficult to view them due to their closed mountain geography. These waters are fully utilized for irrigation in Palani taluk.

Trick or treat.

Dravida veda

 Scriptures are the source of esoteric knowledge but it is also very clear that the path to God realisation is not through mere Vedanta study or practice of yagas and yagnas. It is an intuitive perception that shines in the inner being through divine grace. In this context, Vedanta Desika pays tribute to the Nalayira Divya Prabandha that has come to be acknowledged as Dravida Veda in the spiritual tradition, pointed out Vanamamalai Sri Padmanabhachariar in a discourse. These hymns are the unique compositions of the Azhwars, who are held to be specially endowed by the Lord to reveal the esoteric truths hidden in the Vedas in simple Tamizh. The Vedas, that are the very life breath of the ineffable Supreme Brahman, are compared to the boundless ocean that is truly unfathomable. Both are repertoires of innumerable and invaluable treasures. Vyasa has provided us with the garland of sutras, the Brahma Sutra which contains the essential truths in the Upanishads. But even this needs to be unravelled with the extraordinary scholarship. Just as the rain bearing clouds extract the palatable sweet water from the ocean and shower it as rainwater on the lands to benefit and sustain life, Azhwar’s hymns very clearly and without any ambiguity present the inaccessible meanings of the Vedas for the benefit of humanity.

Known as ‘arulicheyal,’ these hymns speak about what is important for the jiva to get out of samsara. Alavandar, Ramanuja and other acharyas have formulated the Visishtadvaita philosophy based on the study of these hymns. Contradictory viewpoints such as the question of supremacy among the Trimurtis are resolved in the hymns that go in accordance to the Upanishad statement that speaks of the supremacy of Narayana in relation to Brahma and Siva.

Across the ocean

 

Hanuman Prepares to Jump Across the Ocean Summary Hanuma comes forward to leap the ocean at the repeated encouragement given by Jambavanta. Then he increases his physique, fit enough to take a leap, and starts declaring his capabilities, by which the other monkeys feel jubilant. Then Hanuma climbs Mt. Mahendra, by which whole of that mountain is put to turmoil. And he reaches Lanka, instinctually, as he has the speed of Air-god and of the Thought Process, i.e., mano javam, maaruta tulya vegam... Thus, with this chapter this book of Kishkindha Kanda, 'The Empire of Holy Monkeys...' concludes. Chapter [Sarga] 67 in Detail tam dristvaa jri.mbhamaanam te kramitum shata yojanam | vegena aapuuryamaanam ca sahasaa vaanarottamam || 4-67-1 sahasaa shokam utsrijya praharsena samanvitaah | vineduh tustuvuh ca api hanuumantam mahaabalam || 4-67-2 On seeing that best monkey Hanuma, who is burgeoning to cross over the hundred yojana-ocean and who is also quickly, progressively, and stupendously maximizing his body, the other monkeys instantly shunning off their sadness, raved and rhapsodized over that staggeringly mighty monkey, Hanuma. [4-67-1, 2] prahristaa vismitaah ca api te viikshante sama.ntatah | trivikrama krita utsaaham naaraayanam iva prajaah || 4-67-3 Those monkeys available all over there are altogether buoyed up and utterly astounded, and as with the people who have enthusiastically seen Narayana when He maximized His physique to tread the triad of worlds in His Trivikrama incarnation, these monkeys too are looking at Hanuma who is now maximizing his body. [4-67-3] samstuuyamaano hanumaan vyavardhata mahaabalah | samaaviddhya ca laanguulam harsaat balam upeyivaan || 4-67-4 Hanuma who is already an outmatching monkey by way of his energy, has now accrued added energy obtained through the gladness derived by the way of extolment from other monkeys, and then he impetuously lashed his tail and oversized himself. [4-67-4] tasya samstuuyamaanasya sarvaih vanara pungavaih | tejasaa aapuuryamaanasya ruupam aasiit anuttamam || 4-67-5 His physique which is being reinforced with resplendence while all the monkey chiefs are eulogizing him has become unsurpassed in its form. [4-67-5] yathaa vijri.mbhate si.mho vivrite giri gahvare | maarutasya aurasah putrah tathaa samprati jri.mbhate || 4-67-6 Hanuma, the lineal son of Air-god, is now prancing about as with a lion prancing around a wide-open den of a mountain. [4-67-6] ashobhata mukham tasya jri.mbhamaanasya dhiimatah | ambariisa upamam diiptam vidhuuma iva paavakah || 4-67-7 While he is inflating the face of that clever Hanuma shone forth like a red-hot frying pan and like the fumeless white-hot Ritual-fire. [4-67-7] hariinaam utthito madhyaat sa.mprahrista tanuu ruhah | abhivaadya hariin vriddhaan hanumaan idam abraviit || 4-67-8 On bestirring himself from among the monkeys, and on reverencing the elderly monkeys, Hanuma said this, with a spine-tingling sensation in his body. [4-67-8] arujan parvata agraani hutaashana sakho anilah | balavaan aprameyah ca vaayuh aakaasha gocarah || 4-67-9 "He who is an inestimable one in his formidableness and an expeditious one in his meandering in the skies, that Air-god who is the friend of Fire-god will be toppling mountaintops...... [4-67-9] tasya aham shiighra vegasya shiighra gasya mahaatmanah | maarutasya aurasah putrah plavane ca asmi tat samah || 4-67-10 "I am the lineal son of that high-speeded, brisk paced, life-sustaining Air-god, hence I am a coequal to him in flights... [4-67-10] utsaheyam hi vistiirnam aalikha.ntam iva a.mbaram | merum girim asa.ngena pariga.ntum sahasrashah || 4-67-11 "Indeed shall I venture to go round the Mt. Meru, which is standing like a broad and lofty scribe-pawl scribing on the sky, for thousands of times, that too, unremittingly... [4-67-11] baahu vega pranunnena saagarena aham utsahe | samaaplaavayitum lokam sa parvata nadii hradam || 4-67-12 “Or, shall I venture to skew down the ocean with the speed of my undulating arms to spiral up its waters, in order to completely inundate the world together with its mountains, rivers and lakes... [4-67-12] mama uuru janghaa vegena bhavisyati samutthitah | samutthita mahaa graahah samudro varuna aalayah || 4-67-13 "Shall I shove up the ocean, the abode of Rain-god, with the speed of my thighs and calves in order that its underwater beings like sharks, alligators and crocodiles will be shoved up and spilled all over... [4-67-13] pannaga ashanam aakaashe patantam paksi sevitam | vainateyam aham shaktah pariga.ntum sahasrashah || 4-67-14 "Shall I make circumambulations for thousands of times around the Lord of Birds and the viper-diner, Garuda, while he is on the wing in the sky... [4-67-14] udayaat prasthitam vaa api jvala.ntam rashmi maalinam | an astamitam aadityam abhiga.ntum samutsahe || 4-67-15 tato bhuumim asa.mspristvaa punah aagantum utsahe | pravegena eva mahataa bhiimena plavagarsabhaah || 4-67-16 "Oh, best fly-jumpers, just by my astounding and astonishing impetuosity shall I venture to start with the Sun who starts his journey of the day from Mt. Sunrise, and shall I go to Mt. Dusk before Sun, and again shall I venture to comeback even before the sundown towards the same day's flaming Sun when he is garlanded with flaming sunrays around him in midday, that too without my touching the land... [4-67-15, 16] utsaheyam atikraa.ntum sarvaan aakaasha gocaraan | saagaram shosayisyaami daarayisyaami mediniim || 4-67-17 "Shall I overtake all the wayfarers in skyway, or shall I parch down the ocean, or pare off the earth... [4-67-17] parvataan cuurnasyaami plavamaanah plava.ngamaah | harisyaami uuru vegena plavamaano mahaaarnavam || 4-67-18 "Or, shall I pulverize the mountains while fly-jumping on them, or oh, fly-jumpers, shall I splash out the waters great ocean just by the speed of my thighs while I fly over it, by which all of its water will trail after my tail... [4-67-18] lataanaam vividhaam puspam paadapaanaam ca sarvashah | anuyaasyati maam adya plavamaanam vihaayasaa || 4-67-19 bhavisyati hi me panthaah svaateh panthaa iva a.mbare | "Or, shall I now let divers flowers of every climbing plant and tree straggle after me when I fly by the sky... then my flight path will become like that of Star Swati and its constellate stars twinkling in the sky... [4-67-19] carantam ghoram aakaasham utpatisyantam eva ca || 4-67-20 draksyanti nipatantam ca sarva bhuutaani vaanaraah | "Oh, Vanara-s, shall I make all beings see my northerly ascent to the sky, my movement across the vast of sky, and my southerly descent from the sky... [4-67-20b, 21a] mahaa meru pratiikaasham maam draksyadhvam plava.ngamaah || 4-67-21 divam aavritya gacchantam grasamaanam iva ambaram | "Oh, fly-jumpers, shall I show you a prodigious me spanning the sky like massive Mt. Meru and flying with a propulsive force as though to swallow the sky... [4-67-21b, 22a] vidhamisyaami jiimuutaan ka.mpayisyaami parvataan | saagaram shosayisyaami plavamaanah samaahitah || 4-67-22 "While flying self-assuredly shall I swipe at the cloudscape helter-skelter, or shall I swirl the mountains topsy-turvy, or shall I sere the ocean pell-mell... [4-67-22b, 22c] vainateyasya vaa shaktih mama vaa maarutasya vaa | rite suparna raajaanam maarutam vaa mahaabalam | na tat bhuutam prapashyaami yat maam plutam anuvrajet || 4-67-23 "Which forcefulness either the Divine Eagle, Garuda, or Air-god has, mine vies with that... and no being is tangible who can follow up on me to overtake while I am on the wing, excepting for the king of eagles, Garuda and the almighty Air-god... [4-67-23] nimesa antara maatrena niraala.mbanam a.mbaram | sahasaa nipatisyaami ghanaat vidyut iva utthitaa || 4-67-24 "Shall I penetrate the support-less sky in a split-second, like an electric-flash rocketing from a black-cloud in a trice? [4-67-24] bhavisyati hi me ruupam plavamaanasya saagaram | visnoh prakramamaanasya tadaa triin vikramaan iva || 4-67-25 "When I am jumping over the ocean, now my aspect will indeed become like that of Vishnu who in those days easily paced the triad of worlds just in three paces... [4-67-25] buddhyaa ca aham prapashyaami manah cestaa ca me tathaa | aham draksyaami vaidehiim pramodadhvam plava.ngamaah || 4-67-26 "Oh, fly-jumpers, I am clearly perceiving by my percipience and the different strokes of my perspicacity are similarly prognostic... and I avouch that I will descry Vaidehi... hence, rejoice yourselves... [4-67-26] maarutasya samo vege garudasya samo jave | ayutam yojanaanaam tu gamisyaami iti me matih || 4-67-27 "I who am a coequal of Air-god in speediness, and of Garuda in fleetness, can traverse ten-thousand yojana-s at a stretch... that is my certitude... [4-67-27] vaasavasya sa vajrasya brahmano vaa svaya.mbhuvah | vikramya sahasaa hastaat amritam tat iha aanaye || 4-67-28 la.nkaam vaa api samutksipya gaccheyam iti me matih | "I will fetch that Elixir from the hands of Self-created Brahma, or from hands of Indra even if he is wielding his Thunderbolt just on fleetly triumphing over him... or, I can even bring isle of Lanka itself extracting it from the ocean... thus is my confidence..." So said Hanuma to other monkeys. [4-67-28] tam evam vaanara shrestham garjantam amita prabham || 4-67-29 prahristaa harayah tatra samudaikshanta vismitaah | While that choicest Vanara with illimitable resplendence, namely Hanuma, is roaring out his capabilities in the matter of leaping ocean on enormously increasing his physique, all the other monkeys are stunned to stare overhead at his aggrandized form and thus they are extremely gladdened.. [4-67-29b] tat ca asya vacanam shrutvaa jnaatiinaam shoka naashanam || 4-67-30 uvaaca parisa.mhristo jaa.mbavaan plavageshvarah | On hearing the avouchment of Hanuma, which itself is an annihilator of the anguish of his kinsmen, then the king of fly-jumpers Jambavanta is very much gladdened and said. [4-67-29b, 30a] viira kesarinah putra vegavan maaruta aatmaja || 4-67-31 jnaatiinaam vipulah shokah tvayaa taata pranaashitah | "Oh, brave one, oh, son of Kesari, oh, son of Air-god, oh, dear boy, you have wiped out the boundless bother of your kinsmen in its entirety... [4-67-30b, 31a] tava kalyaana rucayah kapi mukhyaah samaagataah || 4-67-32 ma.ngalam kaarya siddhi artham karisyanti samaahitaah | "The monkey leaders forgathered here are enamored [to inflame with love] of your blessedness, and for the purpose of your attainment of the object, they all obsecrate [to entreat solemnly] orisons [prayer], devoutly... [4-67-31b, 32a] risiinaam ca prasaadena kapi vriddha matena ca || 4-67-33 guruunaam ca prasaadena plavasva tvam mahaaarnavam | "You will leap over the extensive ocean with the compassion of sages, choice of elderly monkeys, and with the consideration of our oracular teachers... [4-67-32b, 33a] sthaasyaamah ca eka paadena yaavat aagamanam tava || 4-67-34 tvat gataani ca sarvesaam jiivitaani vana okasaam | "Each of us will stay here on one's own single-foot till you arrive, as the lives of all the forest dwelling monkeys are following you..." Thus Jambavanta blessed Hanuma to initiate action. [4-67-33b, 34a] tatah ca hari shaarduulah taan uvaaca vana okasah || 4-67-35 ko api loke na me vegam plavane dhaarayisyati | Then that tigerly monkey Hanuma said to the forest dwelling monkeys, "Even so, in this world whosoever he might be, either animate or inanimate being, he cannot possibly bear the brunt of my bouncing... [4-67-34b, 35a] etaani hi nagasya asya shilaa sankata shaalinah || 4-67-36 shikharaani mahendrasya sthiraani ca mahaanti ca | "This Mt. Mahendra is beaming forth with boulders and altitudinal cliffs, and the crests of this mountain are indeed tough, and even towering... [4-67-35b, 36a] yesu vegam gamisyaami mahendra shikharesu aham || 4-67-37 naanaa druma vikiirnesu dhaatu nispanda shobhisu | "Diversely outspreaded are its trees, and divers are its transuding ores, thus this mountain is shining forth... hence, from the peaks of this Mt. Mahendra I will gain speed for my kick-start... [4-67-36b, 37a] etaani mama vegam hi shikharaani mahaanti ca || 4-67-38 plavato dhaarayisyanti yojanaanaam itah shatam | "On the verge of my upstart from here for a hundred yojana-s, these sturdy crags are sure to withstand the impetus of that kick-start... [4-67-37b, 38a] tatah tu maaruta prakhyah sa harih maaruta aatmajah | aaruroha naga shrestham mahndram ari.nardamah || 4-67-39 vritam naanaa vidhaih puspaih mriga sevita shaadvalam | lataa kusuma sa.mbaadham nitya puspa phala drumam || 4-67-40 si.mha shaarduula caritam matta maata.nga sevitam | matta dvija gana ud dhustam salila utpiida sa.nkulam || 4-67-41 Then that monkey who is the son of Air-god and a selfsame of Air-god shinned up that towering mountain Mahendra, as he is an enemy-subjugator about to subjugate the arch rival Ravana, where that mountain is hedged in with diverse flowers, its pastures are the sweethearts of deer, it is constrictive with diverse flowers of ever flowering, ever fruiting trees and with the flowers of climbers as well, and where lions and tigers are freely moving and ruttish elephants love it, and where the flights of birds are uproarious, and pent-up rapids are clangorous. [4-67-39, 40, 41] mahadbhih ucchritam shringaih mahendram sa mahaabalah | vicacaara harishrestho mahendra saama vikramah || 4-67-42 He who is equal in valor to the Paradisiacal Mahendra, that highly energetic and grand monkey Hanuma ambled on loftiest and towery crags of such a mountain. [4-67-42] baahubhyaam piiditah tena mahaashailo mahaatmanaa | raraasa si.mha abhihato mahaan matta iva dvipah || 4-67-43 When squeezed by both the arms and hands of that high souled Hanuma, that lofty mountain trumpeted, as if it is a lion-paw-hit brutish-elephantine-elephant. [4-67-43] mumoca salila utpiidaan viprakiirna shilouccayah | vitrasta mriga maata.ngah praka.npita mahaa drumah || 4-67-44 Virtually and widely bestrewn are the heaps of boulders, essentially scared are all the animals and elephants, and actually rocked are the gigantic trees, and its rapids and waterfalls have spouted out of that mountain by the impact of foot-stepping of Hanuma. [4-67-44] naanaaga.ndharvamithunairpaanasa.nsargakar.hkashaih | utpatadbhirviha.ngaishcavidyaadharaganairapi - yadvaa - naanaa gandharva mithunaih paana sa.nsarga kar.hkashaih | ut patadbhih viha.ngaih ca vidyaadhara ganaih api || 4-67-45 tyajyamaana mahaa saanuh sa.mniliina mahaa uragah | shaila shringa shilaa utpaatah tadaa abhuut sa mahaa girih || 4-67-46 Then, the numerous Gandharva couples and the hoards of Vidyaadharaa-s even, that are indulged in drinking and inebriated on that mountain are forsaking those lofty cliffs of that mountain, and even the birds are put to flight, spanking snakes are completely slouching, and rising up and falling down are the stones of that mountaintops to each step of Hanuma, and thus that colossal mountain is desolated. [4-67-45, 46] nihshvasadbhistadaataitubhujagairardhanihsritaih | sapataakaivaabhaatisatadaadharaniidharah || - yadvaa - nihshvasadbhih tadaa taih tu bhujagaih ardha nihsritaih | sa pataaka iva aabhaati sa tadaa dharanii dharah || 4-67-47 With snakes popping up halfway through their snake-pits with their hoods swaying and tongues hissing that earth-borne mountain Mahendra appeared to be a gleaming mountain with flying flags. [4-67-47] risibhih traasa sa.mbhraa.ntaih tyajyamaanah shilaa uccayah | siidan mahati kaa.ntaare saartha hiina iva adhva gah || 4-67-48 While the sages are forsaking that towering mountain as their own scare bewildering them, that mountain appeared to be one who is desolated by his associates in the vast of a thick of forest, as a wilting wayfarer. [4-67-48] sa vegavaan vega samaahita aatmaa hari praviirah para viira hantaa | manah samaadhaaya mahaaanubhaavo jagaama la.nkaam manasaa manasvii || 4-67-49 And he who is an importantly brave monkey among all the monkeys, an eliminator of enemy stalwarts, that highly proficient, expeditious, and conscientious Hanuma, on stabilizing his impulses and making soul is quite staid in speediness; he made head away to Lanka, instinctually. [4-67-49] iti vaalmiiki raamaayane aadi kaavye kiskindha kaande sapta sastitamah sargah Thus, this is the 67th, and conclusive chapter of Kishkindha Kanda of Valmiki Ramayana, the First Epic poem of India.