The Tipiṭaka, meaning "Three Baskets," is the foundational scripture of Theravāda Buddhism, composed in the Pāli language. It is the most comprehensive and authoritative collection of Buddha's teachings and is divided into three sections:
1. Vinaya Piṭaka (Discipline Basket) – Contains rules and regulations for monks and nuns, along with stories explaining their origins.
2. Sutta Piṭaka (Discourse Basket) – A vast collection of Buddha's sermons, including the famous Dhammapada and Jātaka tales.
3. Abhidhamma Piṭaka (Higher Doctrine Basket) – A detailed analysis of Buddhist philosophy, psychology, and metaphysics.
The Pāli language is an ancient Indo-Aryan language closely related to Sanskrit, specifically adapted for preserving and transmitting Buddha’s words. It remains a liturgical language in Theravāda traditions and is widely studied in countries like Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, and Cambodia.
The Tipiṭaka was orally preserved for centuries before being written down in Sri Lanka around the 1st century BCE at the Aluvihara Monastery. It remains a key text for Buddhist practice and scholarship, with many modern translations and commentaries available.
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